{"id":1503,"date":"2021-02-05T15:37:25","date_gmt":"2021-02-05T15:37:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/communio.pl\/?p=1503"},"modified":"2021-02-05T15:37:25","modified_gmt":"2021-02-05T15:37:25","slug":"prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/en\/2021\/02\/05\/prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology\/","title":{"rendered":"PRAWO NATURALNE: EWANGELIA I IDEOLOGIA \/ NATURAL LAW: GOSPEL AND IDEOLOGY"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">JOSEPH RATZINGER \/BENEDYKT XVI<br>Vatican <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DOI: 10.48224\/COM-211-2020-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> <strong>Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The article discusses the position of Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, con &#8211; tinued by Pope Benedict XVI, on the sources and essence of natural law in a view of currently in force, dominant positivist approach to the legi &#8211; slative order. Pope Benedict XVI answers the following questions: upon what internal authority the catholic teaching can be based? Where does the spiritual content of this doctrine on natural law come from? What sources is it actually derived from? The intellectual debate on the sources and the essence of law known from the times of Greek antiquity, enriched with the achievements of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, gained a special re &#8211; sonance during the 17th century period of prosperity of the socalled nature law school. The Pope recognizes the source of universally binding law as a rational and free-will human nature, open to its divine origin. Only such a morally conditioned human existence guarantees that human dignity and subjective rights are treated as inalienable and unquestionable against the claims of other individuals, as well as the socio-political communities es &#8211; tablished by them. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Law, nature, theology, Church, Ratzinger, free will, human nature <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Streszczenie <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Artyku\u0142 omawia stanowisko kardyna\u0142a Josepha Ratzingera, konty &#8211; nuowane przez papie\u017ca Benedykta XVI, w kwestii \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142 i istoty prawa naturalnego na tle obecnie obowi\u0105zuj\u0105cego, dominuj\u0105cego pozytywistycz &#8211; nego ujmowania porz\u0105dku prawodawczego. Papie\u017c Benedykt XVI udzie la odpowiedzi na nast\u0119puj\u0105ce pytania: na jakim wewn\u0119trznym autorytecie mo\u017ce si\u0119 opiera\u0107 katolicka nauka? Sk\u0105d pochodz\u0105 duchowe tre\u015bci tej nauki o prawie naturalnym? Z jakich \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142 jest ona w\u0142a\u015bciwie czerpana? Intelektualna debata na temat \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142 oraz istoty prawa znana od czas\u00f3w greckiego antyku, wzbogacona dorobkiem \u015bredniowiecza i renesansu, nabra\u0142a szczeg\u00f3lnego wyd\u017awi\u0119ku w okresie rozkwitu w XVII w. tzw. szko\u0142y prawa natury. \u0179r\u00f3d\u0142em powszechnie obowi\u0105zuj\u0105cego prawa uznaje Papie\u017c rozumn\u0105 i obdarzon\u0105 woln\u0105 wol\u0105 natur\u0119 ludzk\u0105, kt\u00f3ra jest otwarta na swoje boskie pochodzenie. Tylko tak moralnie uwarunkowana ludzka egzystencja gwarantuje potraktowanie godno\u015bci i praw podmiotowych cz\u0142owieka jako niezbywalnych oraz niepodwa\u017calnych wobec roszcze\u0144 innych jednostek, a tak\u017ce ustanowionych przez nich wsp\u00f3lnot spo\u0142eczno-politycznych.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> <strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe<\/strong>: Prawo, natura, teologia, Ko\u015bci\u00f3\u0142, Ratzinger, wolna wola, natura ludzka <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(dalsza cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 artyku\u0142u w wydaniu papierowym)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">  <a href=\"javascript:history.back()\">&lt;&lt;wstecz<\/a>  <br><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>JOSEPH RATZINGER \/BENEDYKT XVIVatican DOI: 10.48224\/COM-211-2020-7 Abstract The article discusses the position of Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, con &#8211; tinued by Pope Benedict XVI, on the sources and essence of natural law in a view of currently in force, dominant positivist approach to the legi &#8211; slative order. Pope Benedict XVI answers the following questions: upon [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-communio-artykul"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.1 (Yoast SEO v28.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PRAWO NATURALNE: EWANGELIA I IDEOLOGIA \/ NATURAL LAW: GOSPEL AND IDEOLOGY - Communio<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/communio.pl\/en\/2021\/02\/05\/prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PRAWO NATURALNE: EWANGELIA I IDEOLOGIA \/ NATURAL LAW: GOSPEL AND IDEOLOGY\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"JOSEPH RATZINGER \/BENEDYKT XVIVatican DOI: 10.48224\/COM-211-2020-7 Abstract The article discusses the position of Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, con &#8211; tinued by Pope Benedict XVI, on the sources and essence of natural law in a view of currently in force, dominant positivist approach to the legi &#8211; slative order. Pope Benedict XVI answers the following questions: upon [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/communio.pl\/en\/2021\/02\/05\/prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Communio\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-02-05T15:37:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Pallottinum\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Pallottinum\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/05\\\/prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/05\\\/prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Pallottinum\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6870cde6685474937f27aa4675572c9b\"},\"headline\":\"PRAWO NATURALNE: EWANGELIA I IDEOLOGIA \\\/ NATURAL LAW: GOSPEL AND IDEOLOGY\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-02-05T15:37:25+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/05\\\/prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":414,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"COMMUNIO ARTYKU\u0141\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/05\\\/prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/05\\\/prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology\\\/\",\"name\":\"PRAWO NATURALNE: EWANGELIA I IDEOLOGIA \\\/ NATURAL LAW: GOSPEL AND IDEOLOGY - Communio\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-02-05T15:37:25+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/05\\\/prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/05\\\/prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/05\\\/prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Strona g\u0142\u00f3wna\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"PRAWO NATURALNE: EWANGELIA I IDEOLOGIA \\\/ NATURAL LAW: GOSPEL AND IDEOLOGY\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/\",\"name\":\"Communio\",\"description\":\"Mi\u0119dzynarodowy przegl\u0105d teologiczny\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Communio\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/COMMUNIO-LOGO-1000x250-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/COMMUNIO-LOGO-1000x250-1.png\",\"width\":998,\"height\":187,\"caption\":\"Communio\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6870cde6685474937f27aa4675572c9b\",\"name\":\"Pallottinum\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Pallottinum\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/communio.pl\\\/en\\\/author\\\/pallottinum\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"PRAWO NATURALNE: EWANGELIA I IDEOLOGIA \/ NATURAL LAW: GOSPEL AND IDEOLOGY - Communio","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/en\/2021\/02\/05\/prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"PRAWO NATURALNE: EWANGELIA I IDEOLOGIA \/ NATURAL LAW: GOSPEL AND IDEOLOGY","og_description":"JOSEPH RATZINGER \/BENEDYKT XVIVatican DOI: 10.48224\/COM-211-2020-7 Abstract The article discusses the position of Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, con &#8211; tinued by Pope Benedict XVI, on the sources and essence of natural law in a view of currently in force, dominant positivist approach to the legi &#8211; slative order. Pope Benedict XVI answers the following questions: upon [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/en\/2021\/02\/05\/prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology\/","og_site_name":"Communio","article_published_time":"2021-02-05T15:37:25+00:00","author":"Pallottinum","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Pallottinum","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/2021\/02\/05\/prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/2021\/02\/05\/prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology\/"},"author":{"name":"Pallottinum","@id":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/#\/schema\/person\/6870cde6685474937f27aa4675572c9b"},"headline":"PRAWO NATURALNE: EWANGELIA I IDEOLOGIA \/ NATURAL LAW: GOSPEL AND IDEOLOGY","datePublished":"2021-02-05T15:37:25+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/2021\/02\/05\/prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology\/"},"wordCount":414,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/#organization"},"articleSection":["COMMUNIO ARTYKU\u0141"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/2021\/02\/05\/prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology\/","url":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/2021\/02\/05\/prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology\/","name":"PRAWO NATURALNE: EWANGELIA I IDEOLOGIA \/ NATURAL LAW: GOSPEL AND IDEOLOGY - Communio","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-02-05T15:37:25+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/2021\/02\/05\/prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/communio.pl\/2021\/02\/05\/prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/2021\/02\/05\/prawo-naturalne-ewangelia-i-ideologia-natural-law-gospel-and-ideology\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Strona g\u0142\u00f3wna","item":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"PRAWO NATURALNE: EWANGELIA I IDEOLOGIA \/ NATURAL LAW: GOSPEL AND IDEOLOGY"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/#website","url":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/","name":"\u200e","description":"International Theological Review","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/#organization","name":"\u200e","url":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/COMMUNIO-LOGO-1000x250-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/COMMUNIO-LOGO-1000x250-1.png","width":998,"height":187,"caption":"Communio"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/#\/schema\/person\/6870cde6685474937f27aa4675572c9b","name":"Pallottinum","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Pallottinum"},"url":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/en\/author\/pallottinum\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1503"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1503\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/communio.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}